Standard Interpretations
OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards, and regulations. Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. Each letter constitutes OSHA's interpretation of the requirements discussed. Note that our enforcement guidance may be affected by changes to OSHA rules. Also, from time to time we update our guidance in response to new information.
- 1910.178 - 1910.178 does not apply to agricultural operations. - 09/23/1999
- 1910.178 - Batteries in powered industrial trucks must be secured horizontally and/or vertically - 03/18/2003
- 1910.178 - Changing tines/capacity of powered industrial trucks. - 12/16/1991
- 1910.178 - Chocking of trailers at United States Postal Service facilities. - 09/14/2005
- 1910.178 - Chocking requirements for trailers docked to buildings with downward approaches. - 11/08/2005
- 1910.178 - Clarification of the use of powered industrial trucks in Class I, Division 2, Group C locations. - 05/24/1995
- 1910.178 - Classification of sweepers and scrubbers. - 04/03/1995
- 1910.178 - Disabled (vision impaired) forklift operators. - 10/20/1976
- 1910.178 - Enforcement of the Use of Seat Belts on Powered Industrial Trucks in General Industry. - 10/09/1996
- 1910.178 - Enforcement of wheel chocking requirements in State Plan States. - 06/14/2011
- 1910.178 - Inspection requirements for powered industrial trucks not used for significant time periods. - 03/03/2005
- 1910.178 - Interpretation of the meaning of "Fixed Jacks" on trailers - 03/19/1991
- 1910.178 - Letter concerning OSHA Instruction STD 1-11.7 - 09/03/1981
- 1910.178 - NRTL Certification for New Product Design - [OSH Act of 1970 - Section 5(a)(1)] - 08/04/2021
- 1910.178 - Policy on powered industrial truck operators using prescribed drugs. - 02/21/2006
- 1910.178 - Powered Industrial Truck (forklift) operator trainer qualifications. - 07/23/2003
- 1910.178 - Powered Industrial Truck Load Backrest Extensions - 03/05/2012
- 1910.178 - Powered Industrial Trucks - 09/19/2023
- 1910.178 - Powered Industrial Trucks Equipped with Flashing Lights and/or Back-up Beepers - 11/26/2012
- 1910.178 - Rail Yard Tractors May Not Be Subject to the Powered Industrial Truck Standard - 06/27/2011
- 1910.178 - Requesting a clarification of 29 CFR 1910.178 (k)(1). - 02/09/1996
- 1910.178 - Requirements for backrest extensions and overhead guards for powered industrial trucks. - 06/14/1991
- 1910.178 - Safe distance as it applies to fire protection for battery charging areas. - 06/29/1988
- 1910.178 - Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks. - 06/24/1975
- 1910.178 - Seatbelts for forklifts; fall protection for scissor lifts. - 05/22/1998
- 1910.178 - Sweeper/scrubber equipment is not considered a powered industrial truck. - 06/08/1993
- 1910.178 - The work practices of truck drivers at loading docks. - 05/03/1996
- 1910.178 - Use of a powered industrial truck to dump hexamine into a hopper of a bucket elevator. - 06/03/1993
- 1910.178 - Use of jack stands in the stabilization of semi-trailers. - 04/14/2008
- 1910.178 - Use of seat belts on powered industrial trucks. - 03/07/1996
- 1910.178 - Using a forklift truck to lift personnel on a secured safety platform with a guardrail. - 11/15/1993
- 1910.178 - Work platforms as Attachments - 08/15/2013
- 1910.178(a) - Applicability of 1910.178 to earth moving equipment and skid steer loaders. - 03/07/2000
- 1910.178(a) - Earthmoving equipment is not covered by 1910.178; skid- steer equipment may be covered. - 10/21/1999
- 1910.178(a)(1) - Applicability of 29 CFR 1910.178 to pick-up trucks such as Ford Ranger, Chevrolet S-10 and Dodge 1500. - 07/13/2006
- 1910.178(a)(1) - Powered Industrial Trucks - 09/19/2023
- 1910.178(a)(2) - Brake drawbar drag requirements for forklifts. - 06/21/1990
- 1910.178(a)(2) - Fork inspection requirements for powered industrial trucks. - 10/22/1999
- 1910.178(a)(4) - Evaluation of plan to retrofit fork lift equipment with an operator safety restraint system. - 11/17/1986
- 1910.178(a)(4) - Forklifts: free rigging requires manufacturer approval. - 10/22/1999
- 1910.178(a)(4) - Installation of strobe lights on forklifts as an additional warning device for forklifts used in vessel holds. - 12/21/2004
- 1910.178(a)(4) - Powered industrial truck addition/modification approval and marking requirements - 07/03/2002
- 1910.178(a)(4) - Powered industrial truck modifications and approval. - 04/11/1997
- 1910.178(a)(5) - Powered industrial truck addition/modification approval and marking requirements - 07/03/2002
- 1910.178(c)(2)(ii)(a) - Conditions under which use of powered industrial truck not designated EX can be used in atmospheres containing carbon black. - 11/23/2004
- 1910.178(c)(2)(iii) - Information on forklift trucks for handling LOX. - 03/21/1985
- 1910.178(c)(2)(iv) - Information on forklift trucks for handling LOX. - 03/21/1985
- 1910.178(d) - Interpretation on conversion of a gasoline powered industrial truck to LP gas. - 07/28/1980
- 1910.178(e)(1) - Overhead guards not required for trucks operating in low overhead locations. - 06/12/1975
- 1910.178(g)(2) - Definition of the phrase "Adequate ventilation" as used in 1910.178. - 01/26/1976
- 1910.178(g)(5) - Batteries in powered industrial trucks must be secured horizontally and/or vertically - 03/18/2003
- 1910.178(k)(1) - Chocking of trailers at United States Postal Service facilities. - 09/14/2005
- 1910.178(k)(1) - Chocking requirements for trailers docked to buildings with downward approaches. - 11/08/2005
- 1910.178(k)(1) - Clarification of OSHA's CPL 2-1.30 regarding tractor trailer chocking. - 11/09/1999
- 1910.178(k)(1) - Enforcement of wheel chocking requirements in State Plan States. - 06/14/2011
- 1910.178(k)(3) - Interpretation of the meaning of "Fixed Jacks" on trailers - 03/19/1991
- 1910.178(k)(3) - Use of jack stands in the stabilization of semi-trailers. - 04/14/2008
- 1910.178(l) - Earthmoving equipment is not covered by 1910.178; skid- steer equipment may be covered. - 10/21/1999
- 1910.178(l) - Employers must evaluate prior training and ensure safe powered industrial truck operations. - 02/16/1999
- 1910.178(l) - Exemption of Variable Boom Reach Equipment "Reach Stackers" - 03/17/2017
- 1910.178(l) - Fork inspection requirements for powered industrial trucks. - 10/22/1999
- 1910.178(l) - Forklifts in construction: elevating personnel and operator training. - 09/30/1999
- 1910.178(l) - Host employers may require site-specific forklift training of visiting workers - 10/28/1999
- 1910.178(l) - Log skidder operators must be trained in accordance with 1910.266(i)(3)(ii) - 08/30/1999
- 1910.178(l) - OSHA requirements for individuals interested in employment as Heavy Equipment Operator. - 07/14/2016
- 1910.178(l) - Powered industrial truck training content, certification, and record maintenance. - 10/01/1999
- 1910.178(l) - Powered industrial truck training for employees working at another employer's worksite. - 04/10/2000
- 1910.178(l) - Powered industrial truck training: different types of trucks. - 06/15/1999
- 1910.178(l) - Powered industrial truck training: different types of trucks/workplace conditions. - 10/08/1999
- 1910.178(l) - Refresher training requirements for operators of different types of trucks. - 04/08/1999
- 1910.178(l) - Rough Terrain Forklift training course; OSHA doesn't approve products/services. - 08/23/1999
- 1910.178(l) - Training for travel lift (mobile gantry crane) operators. - 11/08/1999
- 1910.178(l)(1) - Host employers must assure forklift operators of visiting employers are trained. - 04/06/1999
- 1910.178(l)(1)(i) - Disabled (hearing impaired) forklift operators. - 01/26/1998
- 1910.178(l)(2)(ii) - Competency of powered industrial truck trainers; training must be truck- and site-specific. - 04/10/2000
- 1910.178(l)(2)(iii) - Powered Industrial Truck (forklift) operator trainer qualifications. - 07/23/2003
- 1910.178(l)(3)(i) - Competency of powered industrial truck trainers; training must be truck- and site-specific. - 04/10/2000
- 1910.178(l)(3)(i)(M) - Powered industrial truck requirements regarding "split-forking" and "bulldozing." - 11/02/1999
- 1910.178(l)(3)(ii) - Competency of powered industrial truck trainers; training must be truck- and site-specific. - 04/10/2000
- 1910.178(m)(2) - No person is allowed to stand or pass under the elevated portion of any powered industrial truck. - 04/14/2004
- 1910.178(m)(5)(ii) - A powered industrial truck is not unattended if still in view by the nearby operator - 09/11/2018
- 1910.178(m)(5)(iii) - The use of fork trucks in plants. - 01/29/1991
- 1910.178(m)(7) - Chocking of trailers at United States Postal Service facilities. - 09/14/2005
- 1910.178(m)(7) - Chocking requirements for trailers docked to buildings with downward approaches. - 11/08/2005
- 1910.178(m)(7) - Clarification of OSHA's CPL 2-1.30 regarding tractor trailer chocking. - 11/09/1999
- 1910.178(n)(15) - Evaluation of what is considered a safe speed to operate powered industrial trucks (forklifts) - 11/04/2004
- 1910.178(n)(8) - Evaluation of what is considered a safe speed to operate powered industrial trucks (forklifts) - 11/04/2004
- 1910.178(o)(1) - Powered industrial truck requirements regarding "split-forking" and "bulldozing." - 11/02/1999
- 1910.178(p)(1) - Powered Industrial Truck Servicer Labeling Responsibilities for a Customer's Unsafe Powered Industrial Trucks - 04/04/2013
- 1910.178(p)(1) - Requirements for the sound level of a warning device (horn) located on a forklift - 08/13/2004
- 1910.178(q)(1) - Powered Industrial Truck Servicer Labeling Responsibilities for a Customer's Unsafe Powered Industrial Trucks - 04/04/2013
- 1910.178(q)(5) - Requirements for the sound level of a warning device (horn) located on a forklift - 08/13/2004
- 1910.178(q)(7) - Fork inspection requirements for powered industrial trucks. - 10/22/1999
- 1910.178(q)(7) - Inspection requirements for powered industrial trucks not used for significant time periods. - 03/03/2005
- 1910.178(q)(7) - Powered industrial truck examinations do not have to be documented. - 02/07/2000
- 1910.178(q)(7) - Pre-operation forklift examinations are not required to be written. - 05/09/2000
- 1910.178(q)(7) - Requirements for the sound level of a warning device (horn) located on a forklift - 08/13/2004